Ibsen's Ghosts

For theater class we are reading Ibsen's 1881 play Ghosts, a terrible story of social hypocrisy, secrets and lies. A wife once tried to flee her philandering husband but was persuaded to return by a pastor in the name of duty. From that decision stems a life of lies. She calls herself a coward for not having the courage to leave or to ever tell her son of his father's behavior. Off stage we have the completion of an orphanage in the husband's name. The pastor, back to be her business partner in this venture, persuades her not to insure it because this might bring him criticism. She also had helped cover up her husband's illegitimate child, Regine, whose mother was a maid in the household who then left to marry a local carpenter. Now her son Oswald has returned, and is trying to seduce his half-sister Regine. He reveals his illness, probably syphilis, and it is suggested that he inherited from his father (medically this would only have been possible if the father infected the mother who passed it on to her baby). The pastor accidentally burns down the orphanage building but gets the carpenter to agree to cover it up. In the end Oswald tells his mother that he wants a woman--if not Regine, then her--to help him end his life when his illness becomes too debilitating. The end of the play is left open on the question of whether or not his mother will carry out his wish for euthanasia. The action of the play is all dialogue of revelations and choices made in the name of morality but clearly vitiated by double standards and hypocrisy. The sins of the father are visited on the child, the ghosts of rigid beliefs return even after people sacrifice happiness in the name of duty. The play scandalized in its day, and our discussion about choices for staging the production were about how to convey the rhythm of Ibsen's series of revelations.